The 48 Hour Working Week
- The average is worked out over a 17 week reference period. With 26 weeks in some cases or 52 weeks by agreement. Can be calculated on successive 17 week periods rather than a rolling basis if the worker agrees. A holiday and sickness need to take into account. So a worker cannot expect to work double following a week’s holiday.
- The mandatory retirement age is to be abolished from 1 October 2011. With transitional plans in effect from 6 April 2011 till then. So, lunch, travel to and from work. Moreover, being free to do leisure activities while on standby does not count as working hours.
- The rules do not apply to the self-employed and a few other areas such as junior doctors and the police.
- The rules do apply to temporary workers.
- Workers can opt-out of the 48-hour limit by a written agreement but cannot force or pressured to do so.
Rest Breaks and Leave
- On every shift over six hours a min 20-minute break. Which in some circumstances can accumulate but is an increase to 30 minutes. If under 18 and the period is more than four and a half hours.
- 11 hours (12 hours for under 18’s) consecutive rest between shifts each day. Which again can accumulate in some circumstances.
- One day off each week (2 days for under 18’s). Moreover, two days off every fortnight which again can accumulate in some circumstances.
- From 1 April 2009 5.6 weeks (28 days) paid annual holiday based on the worker’s average pay. Which can include bank and public holidays? These amounts accumulate pro-rata from the day they start working. Moreover worked out on a pro-rata basis for part-time employees. From 1 April 2009, payment in lieu cannot provide for anything less than 5.6 weeks. The holiday pay must also pay when the holiday takes and not added to say an hourly rate when work is done.
- There are special rules for night workers. Who work at least 3 hours during the night. Which is a period of at least 7 hours including from midnight to 5 am and usually from 11 pm to 6 am? They should not exceed eight hours in each 24 hour period averaged over 17 weeks. Although if the work involves special hazards or physical. Moreover, mental strain this is the case in every 24 hour period.
The National Mini Wage
- All workers including temporary workers aged 18. Over is entitle to the mini wage. It is £6.08 per hour from 1 October 2011 (increasing to £6.19 from 1 October 2012) an hour for those aged 21 and over. For those aged 18 to 20 the limit is £4.98 from 1 October 2011 (no change in October 2012). For those aged 16 and 17 the rate is £3.68 from 1 October 2011 (no change in October 2012). The apprentice rate is £2.60 from 1 October 2011 (increasing to £2.65 from 1 October 2012). For apprentices under 19 or 19 or over and in the first year of their apprenticeship.
- Average pay is worked out for each pay reference period. Which can be up to a max of a month but premium payments such as time. A half for overtime cannot be included in the calculation.
- The value of most perks cannot be included in the calculation. So, tips also do not count unless collected by the employers and then paid as part of the normal salary.
- It is not possible to opt-out of the national min wage.
- The national min wage does not apply to everyone. Notable exceptions include the self-employed. Company directors without written contracts of employment. Family-worked Au pairs, work experience graduates, armed forces, and volunteer staff.
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Overview of the Legislation
- Direct Discrimination – treating someone less because of their age or the age they appear to be. So not employing people because they are over 55 fits this category.
- Indirect Discrimination involves having a policy or practice. That puts people of a certain age at a disadvantage. For instance, Only the recruitment of trained accountants will suit this description. as younger people are likely to be.
- Harassment This unwanted conduct on the grounds of age. That has the function or effect of violating. The integrity of an individual, or creating an intimidating effect. Moreover, humiliating or offensive environment for that person. For example, age-related jokes in the workplace fit this category.
- Victimization arises from treatment as a result of making a complaint of age discrimination. For example, not promoting someone. Because they complain that younger employees are being favoured in their training.
Other Specific Points
- Upper age limits for unfair dismissal and redundancy no longer apply.
- From 1 October 2011 the default retirement age is to scrap with transitional arrangements in place from 6 April 2011 till then.
- Occupational pensions are cover by the regulations. As are employer contributions to personal pensions. The regulations generally allow pension schemes to work as they do now.
- The regulations do not affect state pensions.
- Length of service requirements for employment benefits practices of up to five years qualify for a special exemption are deem not to be unlawful age discrimination. If the period is longer than five years this may also be lawful. If the employer can show that is expect to meet a business need. Such as to reward loyalty, to encourage motivation, or to recognize the experience of a worker.
- The upper age limit of 65 for Statutory Sick Pay is removed.
- Employers can take positive action to prevent or compensate for disadvantages by people from a certain age group. Positive action is allowed to encourage people to take up employment positions. To get access to training and education. For example, employers could aim their recruitment advertising for older people. But the position must be open to people of all ages.
- An employer can discriminate on the grounds of age. If this need by existing law, such as aged at least 18 to work behind a bar.
Health and Safety for Employers
Which laws apply?
What does health and safety law require?
- any change which may affect their health and safety at work, e.g. in procedures, equipment or ways of working;
- your arrangements to get competent people to help you meet health and safety laws;
- the information you have given your employees on the likely risks and danger. Arising from their work measures to reduce or get rid of these risks. What they should do if they have to deal with a risk or danger;
- the planning of health and safety;
- the health and safety consequences of introducing new technology.
- making your workplace safe and without risks to health;
- ensuring plant and machinery are safe and that safe system of work are set and followed;
- ensuring articles and substances are move, stored and used;
- providing adequate welfare facilities;
- giving your employees the information, instruction, training, and supervision. Necessary for their health and safety.
In particular, you must:
- assess the risks to your employees’ health and safety. Risk assessment should be straightforward in a simple work such as a typical office. It should only complicate if it deals with serious hazards. Such as those on a nuclear power station, a chemical plant, a laboratory, or an oil rig.
- make arrangements for implementing the health and safety measures. Identified as being necessary by the assessment;
- Where five or more workers are working, report important risk assessment findings. The arrangements for health and safety measures;
- if there are five or more employees, draw up a health and safety policy statement. Including the health and safety organization and arrangements in force. To bring it to your employees’ attention
- appoint someone competent to assist with health and safety responsibilities. Consult your employees or employee representative about this appointment;
- co-operate on health and safety with other employers sharing the same workplace;
- set up emergency procedures;
- provide adequate first-aid facilities;
- make sure the workplace satisfies health, safety, and welfare requirements. E.g. ventilation, temperature, lighting and sanitary facilities for washing and rest;
- make sure that work equipment is suitable for its intended use, so far as health and safety is a concern. That it maintains and used;
- prevent or control exposure to substances which may damage your employees’ health;
- Take precautions against flammable or explosive risks, electrical devices, noise and radiation hazards;
- avoid hazardous manual handling operations. Where they cannot avoid, reduce the risk of injury;
- provide health surveillance as appropriate;
- provide free any protective clothing or equipment. Where risks are not controlled by other means;
- ensure that appropriate safety signs provide and maintained;
- report certain injuries, diseases, and dangerous occurrences. To the appropriate health and safety enforcing agency.
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